Other Worlds, Other Globalisations

(PECO 5501F, PSCI 5501F, SOCI 5504F)

Suggested Readings

Session 1, September 12 : What is Globalisation ? And what is this course all about ?

• Introduction to course and to the idea of other worlds and other globalisations; critical engagement with the concept of globalisation and the practice and theory of movements for alter-globalisation / ‘globalisation from below’.
  
• A historical context to globalisation. A look at the current phase, of growing national and regional protectionism as a reaction to the impacts of ‘globalisation’.
  
• Introduction to the concept of open space and the pedagogy of critical engagement.

Other Worlds, Other Globalisations…

Kolya Abramsky, March 2001 – ‘Introduction’, in Abramsky, compiler, March 2001 – Restructuring and Resistance, Diverse Voices of Struggle in Western Europe (Self-published; available from AK press in the UK, www.akuk.org), pp 12-27

Kolya Abramsky, May 2006 – ‘The Bamako Appeal and The Zapatista 6th Declaration – Between Creating New Worlds and Reorganizing the Existing One’. Semester paper for Globalization, State and Community Course, New York University, Binghamton, New York

Alabama Coalition Against NAFTA, Albuquerque Center for Peace and Justice, American Friends Service Committee, and ors, October 1993 – From Global Pillage to Global Village, A Perspective from Working People and People of Colour on the Unregulated Internationalization of the Economy and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

Sonia Alvarez, 1997 - ‘Latin American Feminisms “Go Global” : Trends of the 1990s and Challenges for the New Millennium’, in Sonia Alvarez, Evelina Dagnino, and Arturo Escobar (eds), Cultures of Politics / Politics of Cultures, Revisioning Latin American Social Movement. Boulder : Westview. Pp 293-324

Sonia E Alvarez, with Nalu Faria and Miriam Nobre, 2004 – ‘Another (Also Feminist) World Is Possible : Constructing Transnational Spaces and Global Alternatives from the Movements’, in Jai Sen, Anita Anand, Arturo Escobar, and Peter Waterman, eds – World Social Forum : Challenging Empires. (New Delhi : Viveka), pp 199-206, @ www.choike.org/documentos/wsf_s313_alvarez.pdf. Translation by Arturo Escobar of Sonia E Alvarez, Nalu Faria and Miriam Nobre, eds, 2003 – ‘Dossiê : Fórum Social Mundial e Feminismos’ [‘Introduction : World Social Forum and Feminisms’, in Spanish], special issue of Revista Estudos Feministas [Journal of Feminist Studies] (Brazil), Vol 11, No 2. Available online at www.portalfeminista.org.br and http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0104-026X&lng=en&nrm=iso

Benjamin R Barber, 1995 – Jihad vs McWorld, Terrorism’s Challenge to Democracy. New York : Ballantine Books

Aura Bogado, March 2006 – ‘Building a Bridge of Struggle across the Border’, Interview with Subcomandante Marcos

Gary R Bunt, 2000 – ‘Virtually Islamic: Research and News about Islam in the Digital Age’. www.virtuallyislamic.com

Gary R Bunt, 2003 - Islam in the Digital Age: E-jihad, Online Fatwas and Cyber Islamic Environments. London : Pluto Press

Canadian Woman Studies, Winter 2004 – ‘Women and the Black Diaspora’, Volume 23, No. 2 Winter 2004, @ http://www.yorku.ca/cwscf/diaspora.html

Paul Divakar Namala, forthcoming [2006] – ‘Making Caste a Global Issue’, in Jai Sen, ed (in press) - Interrogating Empires. Edited version of presentation at the Open Space Seminar Series session on ‘Caste and Race : Questions of Identity and Exclusion’, on October 21 2003 at Room No 1, Department of Sociology, Delhi School of Economics

The Economist, June 2006 – ‘Eurabia : The myth and reality of Islam in Europe’, June 24-30 2006, pp 27-32

Ann Ferguson, June 1998 – ‘Resisting the Veil of Privilege : Building Bridge Identities as an Ethico-Politics? of Global Feminisms’, in Hypatia 13, no 3 (June 22 1998), pp 95–114

Andrew Flood, 1996 - ‘The story of how we learnt to dream at Reality : A report on the first Intercontinental Gathering for Humanity and Against neo-liberalism, Chiapas’. http://flag.blackened.net/revolt/andrew/encounter1_report.html

Andrew Flood, 1997 - ‘Dreaming of a Reality where the past & future meet the present : A report on the Second Encounter for Humanity and against Neoliberalism, Madrid’. http://flag.blackened.net/revolt/andrew/encounter2_report.html

V Geetha, forthcoming [2006] – ‘Local and Global: Searching for Resonance’, in Jai Sen, ed (in press) - Interrogating Empires. Edited version of presentation at the Open Space Seminar Series session on ‘Caste and Race : Questions of Identity and Exclusion’, on October 21 2003 at Room No 1, Department of Sociology, Delhi School of Economics

Huang Ping, nd – ‘September 11th : A Challenge to Whom ?’, on SSRC (Social Science Research Council) After Sept 11, @ http://www.ssrc.org/sept11/essays/huang.htm. Huang Ping is Research Professor and Deputy Director, Institute of Sociology, CASS, Beijing

Mahmood Mamdani, nd – ‘Good Muslim, Bad Muslim – An African Perspective’, on SSRC (Social Science Research Council) After Sept 11, @ http://www.ssrc.org/sept11/essays/mamdani.htm

Viraj Mendis, 2001 – ‘‘Caravan for the Rights of the Refugees and Migrants’ in Germany’, Chapter 23 in Kolya Abramsky, compiler, March 2001 – Restructuring and Resistance, Diverse Voices of Struggle in Western Europe (Self-published; available from AK press in the UK, www.akuk.org), pp 174-188

Ziauddin Sardar, August 2004 – ‘Islam and the West in a Transmodern World’, on IslamOnline.Net, August 18 2004, @ http://www.islamonline.net/english/Contemporary/2002/05/Article20.shtml

Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, The New York Public Library, nd – ‘In Motion : The African-American? Migration Experience’. http://www.inmotionaame.org/home.cfm ‘The Trans-Atlantic? Slave Trade’ @ http://www.inmotionaame.org/migrations/landing.cfm?migration=1; ‘Runaway Journeys’, @ http://www.inmotionaame.org/migrations/landing.cfm?migration=2; ‘The Domestic Slave Trade’, @ http://www.inmotionaame.org/migrations/landing.cfm?migration=3; etc

Ronald Segal, 1995 - The Black Diaspora. London : Faber and Faber (in North America, as The Black Diaspora : Five Centuries of the Black Experience Outside Africa. New York : Farrar, Straus and Giroux)

Jai Sen, May 2000d – ‘Some comments to Jeremy Brecher on the March 31 2000 draft of ‘Globalisation from below’ – henceforth ‘GfB’ !’. Dt May something 25-30 2000, 5 pp

Jai Sen, June 2000a – ‘Some further comments on the March 31 2000 draft of GfB’?. Dt early June [3-9] 2000, 12 pp

Jai Sen, November 2002d – ‘Civilising Globalisation ? Or Globalising Civilisation ? Some reflections towards civil governance and a conscious, critical globalisation’. A Paper for a Presentation to the Opening Session of ‘Helsinki Conference 2002 : Searching for Global Partnerships’ held in Helsinki, Finland, December 2-4 2002. Organised by the Crisis Management Initiative (Office of President Ahtisaari), on behalf of the Government of Finland. 38 pp

Jai Sen, December 2002 – ‘On the myriad globalisations that are happening ‘from below’ : Towards understanding the contemporary world a little better’. Second draft, 31.12.06

Thomas Sowel, 1996 - Migrations and Cultures. New York : Basic Books

Salil Tripathi, August 2006 – ‘Londonistan Burning’, in Tehelka, The People’s Paper, August 26 2006, pp 13-19

University of Wisconsin-Madison? African Studies Program Outreach Services, 1997 - ‘Diasporic Linkages Between Africa and the Americas’, compiled by Jermaine Jones, @ http://africa.wisc.edu/outreach/units/diaspora-bib.html

Matthijs van den Bos and L Nell, nd – ‘Territorial bounds to virtual space : Transnational online and offline networks of Iranian and Turkish-Kurdish? immigrants in the Netherlands', in Global Networks vol 6 no 2, pp 201-220

Peter Waterman, 2001b – ‘Beyond Internationalism : Women, Feminism and Global Solidarity’, in his Globalization, Social Movements and the New Internationalisms (London and New York : Continuum), pp 153-197

Ruben Zamora, August 1992 – ‘Five Propositions and Three Reorientations for the Popular Movement’. Speech delivered at the PP21 Central America – Japan Seminar on August 28 1992, in Managua. Transcribed from the tape and translated into English by Sonia Arellano

Franke Wilmer, 1993a – The Indigenous Voice in World Politics, Since Time Immemorial. Newbury Park, London, and New Delhi : Sage Publications

Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN), May 1996 – ‘Invitation-summons to the Intercontinental Encounter for Humanity and Against Neoliberalism, Mexico, May of 1996’. http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/3849/invite.html on 31/8/2006

Zapatista Army of National Liberation, July 2005 – ‘6th Declaration of the Selva Lacandona’. July 1 2005; originally published in June 2005 in Spanish by the EZLN. Sourced from : http://www.anarkismo.net/newswire.php?story_id=805 on March 30 2006 at 3:30 pm IST. Also @ http://www.openspaceforum.net/twiki/tiki-read_article.php?articleId=130 and http://www.eco.utexas.edu/faculty/Cleaver/SixthDeclaration.html

James Toth, 2005 – ‘Local Islam Gone Global : The Roots of Religious Militancy in Egypt and its Transnational Transformation’, in June Nash, ed, 2005 – Social Movements ; An Anthropological Reader, Oxford, UK : Blackwell, pp 117-145

Immanuel Wallerstein, nd – ‘America and the World : The Twin Towers as Metaphor’, on SSRC (Social Science Research Council) After Sept 11, @ http://www.ssrc.org/sept11/essays/wallerstein.htm

Open space and critical engagement

Vanessa Andreotti, nd – ‘Soft versus critical global citizenship education’. 5 pp

Vanessa Andreotti, forthcoming [2006] - ‘Creating Open Spaces’, in Jai Sen, ed (in press) - Imagining Alternatives, Book 3 in the Are Other Worlds Possible ? series. New Delhi

Vanessa Andreotti and ors, nd, c.2006b – ‘Critical Literacy – Independent Thinking – Global Citizenship - Global Issues’. OSDE (Open Spaces for Dialogue and Enquiry) Methodology, Centre for the Study of Social and Global Justice, The University of Nottingham, @ http://www.osdemethodology.org.uk/keydocs/osdebooklet.pdf

Jo Freeman (aka Joreen), nd [May 1970/1971] – ‘The tyranny of structurelessness’. Earliest version of this article as talk at conference called by the Southern Female Rights Union held in Beulah, Mississippi, USA, in May 1970. First official publication in The Second Wave Vol 2, No 1, 1972; authored by ‘Joreen’. Different versions subsequently published in the Berkeley Journal of Sociology, Vol 17, 1972-73, pp 151-165, and Ms magazine, July 1973, pp 76-78, 86-89, authored by ‘Jo Freeman’. This early version undated

Mukul Mangalik and Jai Sen, with Madhuresh Kumar, July 2003 – ‘Are Other Worlds Possible ? Cultures of Politics and the World Social Forum’. A Background Note for the ‘Open Space’ Series Seminar Series at the University of Delhi, August – December 2003; as published in : Jai Sen with Madhuresh Kumar, compilers, August 2003 - Are Other Worlds Possible ?, The Open Space Reader on the World Social Forum and its Engagement with Empire, pp 9-13

Jai Sen, December 2003h – ‘Challenging Empires : Reading the World Social Forum’, Introduction to Sen, Anand, Escobar, and Waterman, eds, 2004 – World Social Forum : Challenging Empires, pp xxi-xxviii. New Delhi : Viveka

Jai Sen, January 2005a – ‘Interrogating the World Social Forum and its Culture of Politics’, Introduction to Jai Sen and Mayuri Saini, eds, 2005 - Are Other Worlds Possible ? Talking New Politics (New Delhi : Zubaan Books), pp 10-20

Globalisation, alter-globalisation, and movements

Kolya Abramsky, compiler, March 2001 – Restructuring and Resistance, Diverse Voices of Struggle in Western Europe. Self-published; available from AK press in the UK, www.akuk.org

Ezequiel Adamovsky, 2003 – Anticapitalismo para Principiantes. La nueva generación de movimientos emancipatorios (‘Anti-capitalism for Beginners, The new generation of emancipatory movements’, in Spanish). Buenos Aires : Era Naciente SRL

Christophe Aguiton, May 2003 - ‘An Activist’s Guide to the G8’, in Focus on Trade, No 87. Translated by Barbara and David Forbes. http://www.focusweb.org/popups/articleswindow.php?id=323

Sonia E Alvarez, Evelina Dagnino, and Arturo Escobar, eds, 1998 - Cultures of Politics, Politics of Culture : Revisioning Latin American Social Movements. Boulder, Colorado : Westview Press

Jeremy Brecher, John Brown Childs, and Jill Cutler, eds, 1993 – Global Visions, Beyond the New World Order. Boston, Mass : South End Press

Jeremy Brecher and Tim Costello, 1994 – Global Village or Global Pillage, Economic Reconstruction from the Bottom Up. Boston, Mass : South End Press

Jeremy Brecher, Tim Costello, and Brendan Smith, 2000 – Globalization from Below, The power of solidarity. A Book From Commonwork: A Resource and Strategy Project for Globalization From Below. Cambridge, Mass : South End Press

Roger Burbach, Orlanda Núñez, and Boris Kagarlitsky, 1997 - Globalization and Its Discontents, The Rise of PostModern? Socialisms. London : Pluto Press

John Cavanagh, Daphne Wysham, and Marcos Arruda, eds, 1994 - Beyond Bretton Woods, Alternatives to the Global Economic Order. London, and Boulder, Colorado : Westview Press, in association with the Institute for Policy Studies and the Transnational Institute (TNI)

Michel Chossudovsky, 1997 – The Globalisation of Poverty : Impacts of IMF and World Bank Reforms. Mapusa, Goa : The Other India Press; New Delhi : Madhyam Books; and New Delhi : Research Foundation for Science, Technology and Society

Janet M Conway, 2004 – Identity, Place, Knowledge, Social Movements Contesting Globalization. Halifax, Nova Scotia : Fernwood

Janet M Conway, 2004b – ‘Social Movements and Countervailing Power in a Time of Empire’, in her Identity, Place, Knowledge, Social Movements Contesting Globalization (Halifax, Nova Scotia : Fernwood), pp 246-264

Janet Conway, February 2005 – ‘The empire, the movement, and the politics of scale : Considering the World Social Forum’. Paper prepared for ‘Towards a Political Economy of Scale : Studies in Political Economy Conference’, York University, Toronto, February 3-5 2005 (jconway@ryerson.ca). Available @ http://www.openspaceforum.net/twiki/tiki-read_article.php?articleId=159

Kevin Danaher, ed, 2001 – Democratizing the Global Economy, The Battle Against the World Bank and the IMF. Monroe, Maine and Philadelphia, Penn : Common Courage Press

Boaventura de Sousa Santos, 2004a – ‘The World Social Forum : Toward A Counter-Hegemonic? Globalization’, in Jai Sen, Anita Anand, Arturo Escobar, and Peter Waterman, eds, forthcoming – World Social Forum : Challenging Empires (New Delhi : Viveka), pp 235-245. Available at http://www.choike.org/nuevo_eng/informes/1557.html. Based on first part of paper presented at the XXIV International Congress of the Latin American Studies Association, Dallas, USA, March 27-29 2003. First draft, 35 pp. Can be consulted at and cited from http://www.ces.fe.uc.pt/bss/fsm.php=A9 Boaventura de Sousa Santos

André C Drainville, nd – ‘Beyond Altermondialisme : Anti-capitalist dialectic of presence’. Draft paper, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada; . Later published as ‘Beyond Altermondialisme: Anti-Capitalist? Dialectic of Presence’, in Review of International Political Economy. No 5, pp 884-908

Richard Falk, 1999 – Predatory Globalization, A Critique. Cambridge, UK : Polity Press, and Malden, Mass : Blackwell

Richard Falk, nd – ‘Globalization-from-Below : An Innovative Politics of Resistance’. Manuscript, 23 pp

Richard Falk, nd – ‘An Emergent Matrix of Citizenship : Complex, Uneven, and Fluid’. Manuscript. 17 pp

Forum pour un Autre Mali, Forum Mondial des Alternatives (France), Forum du Tiers Monde (Sénégal), ENDA (Sénégal) and ors, February 2006 - ‘The Bamako Appeal’, January 18 2006. Text as circulated by Samir Amin, President of the World Forum for Alternatives. Available @ http://www.openspaceforum.net/twiki/tiki-read_article.php?articleId=66, http://mrzine.monthlyreview.org/bamako.html, http://deletetheborder.org/node/698

Cândido Grzybowski, November 1995 – ‘Civil Society's Responses to Globalization’, in Corporate Watch, November 8 1995. http://www.globalpolicy.org/globaliz/cvlsocty/cvlsoc1.htm

Michael Hardt, March 2002 – ‘Today’s Bandung’, in New Left Review, Vol 14, pp 112-118. Circulated in July 2002 as ‘Porto Alegre : Today’s Bandung ?’ From Worker dt July 30 2002 11:23:57 -0400 (EDT). Also in the World Social Forum WSF2002 Assessments, http://www.forumsocialmundial.org.br/eng/

David Harvie, Keir Milburn, Ben Trott, and David Watts, 2005 – Shut Them Down !, The G8, Gleneagles 2005 and the Movement of Movements. Leeds : Dissent, and Brooklyn, New York : Autonomedia

Miriam Holzapfel and Karin König, April 2005 – ‘A History of the Anti-Globalization? Protests’, in Eurozine, www.eurozine.com, April 5 2005

Jeffrey Scott Juris, Spring 2004 - ‘Digital Age Activism: Anti-Corporate? Globalization and the Cultural Politics of Transnational Networking’. A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley, USA. Committee in Charge : Professor Stanley Brandes, Chair; Professor Aihwa Ong; and Professor Manuel Castells. Forthcoming as book

Jeffrey S Juris, 2005a – ‘The New Digital Media and Activist Networking within Anti-Corporate? Globalization Movements’, in The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, special edition on ‘Cultural Production in a Digital Age’, Eric Klinenberg, ed

Jeffrey S Juris, 2005b – ‘Social Forums and Their Margins : Networking Logics and the Cultural Politics of Autonomous Space’, in Ephemera, special edition on the World Social Forum, Steffen Bohm, Sian Sullivan, and Oscar Reyes, eds

Margaret E Keck and Kathryn Sikkink, 1998 - Activists Beyond Borders, Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Ithaca : Cornell University Press

Sanjeev Khagram, James V Riker, and Kathryn Sikkink, eds, March 2002 - Restructuring World Politics, Transnational Social Movements, Networks, and Norms. Minneapolis : University of Minnesota

Riva Krut, April 1997 – Globalization and Civil Society, NGO Influence in International Decision-Making?. UNRISD Discussion Paper No 83. Geneva : UNRISD

Stephanie A Limoncelli, January 2006 – ‘International Voluntary Associations, Local Social Movements, and State Paths to the Abolition of Regulated Prostitution in Europe, 1875-1950’, in International Sociology, January 2006, Vol 21 (1), pp 31-59

Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, 1848 – Manifesto of the Communist Party, @ http://www.anu.edu.au/polsci/marx/classics/manifesto.html and for multi-media, http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/

Mobilisation, Spring 2001 – Globalization and Resistance, Special Issue, Vol 6, No 1, Jackie Smith, Guest Editor

Laura Macdonald, 2004 – ‘Gendering Transnational Social Movement Analysis : Women’s Groups Contest Free trade in the Americas’, in Joe Bandy and Jackie Smith, eds, 2004 – Coalitions across Borders, Transnational Protest and the Neoliberal Order (Boulder and New York, USA, Toronto, and Oxford : Rowman & Littlefield), pp 21-41

Muto Ichiyo, June 2004 – ‘Alliance of Hope and Challenges of Global Democracy’. Keynote address at Alliance of Hope: Encounter of 1993 Regional Networks, June 18-22 2004, Geneva. Posted August 15 2004 at http://www.ppjaponesia.org/modules/articles/article.php?id=11

June C Nash, 2001 – Mayan Visions : The Quest for Autonomy in an Age of Globalization. London : Routledge

June Nash, ed, 2005 – Social Movements ; An Anthropological Reader, Oxford, UK : Blackwell

Jawaharlal Nehru, nd 1955 – ‘Speech to Bandung Conference Political Committee, 1955’, in Modern History Sourcebook, @ 
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1955nehru-bandung2.html; sourced from G M Kahin, 1956 - The Asian-African? Conference, Cornell : Cornell University Press, pp 64-72

James Petras and Chronis Polychronien, September 1997 – ‘Critical Reflections on Globalization’, in Economic and Political Weekly, September 1997, pp 2249-50

James Petras and Henry Veltmeyer, 2001 – Globalization Unmasked, Imperialism in the 21st Century. Delhi : Madhyam Books, by arrangement with Zed Books, London

Geoffrey Pleyers, 2003 - ‘Del barrio a la globo : Los niveles de la construcción del movimiento para otra mundialización’, [‘From the neighbourhood to the world : The construction levels of the movement for another globalization’, in Spanish], Revista de Ciencias Sociales [‘Social Science Review’], San José (Costa Rica), n°100, 2003 (III)

Geoffrey Pleyers, 2004a - ‘De Gènes à Evian : l’engagement des jeunes altermondialistes’, [‘From Genoa to Evian : Youth commitment for another globalization’, In French], in S Beroud and R Mouriaux, eds, L’année sociale 2003[‘The Social Year 2003’], Paris : Syllepse, pp 167-187

Geoffrey Pleyers, 2004b - ‘Des black blocks aux alter-activistes : Pôles et formes d’engagement des jeunes altermondialistes’, [‘From black bloc to alter-activists : Young alter-global categories and commitment’, in French], Lien Social et Politiques n°51, special issue on ‘Engagement social et politique dans le parcours de vie’ [‘Social and political engagement in the pursuit of life’], pp 123-134

Geoffrey Pleyers, in press - ‘From disillusionment to a new culture of participation : Young alter-globalisation activists’ commitment’, in P Lauritzen, J Forbrig, and B Hoskins, eds, 2005 - What about young people’s political participation ?, Strasbourg : Press of the Council of Europe, to be published 2005

Paul Routledge, 1996 – ‘Critical geopolitics and terrains of resistance’, in Political Geography, Vol 15, No 6/7, pp 509-531

Paul Routledge, 1998 – ‘Introduction’ to ‘Section 5 : Anti-Geopolitics’?, in Gearóid Ó Tuathail, Simon Dalby, and Paul Routledge, eds 1998 – The Geopolitics Reader (London and New York : Routledge), pp 245-255

Emir Sader, 2002 – ‘Beyond Civil Society : The Left after Porto Alegre’, in New Left Review, Sept-Oct? 2002, pp 87-99; http://newleftreview.org/A2411

Jan Aart Scholte, Winter 1996 – ‘The geography of collective identities in a globalizing world’, in Review of International Political economy, 3:4, pp 565-607

Jan Aart Scholte, June 2000 – Globalisation, A Critical Introduction. London : Macmillan

Katarina Sehm Patomäki and Marko Ulvila, March 2006 – ‘Democratic Politics Globally : Elements for a Dialogue on Global Political Party Formations’. Draft Working Paper 1/2006, NIGD (Network Institute for Global Democratisation); for use in the Polycentric World Social Forum, Karachi, Pakistan

Jai Sen, Anita Anand, Arturo Escobar, and Peter Waterman, eds, 2004 – World Social Forum : Challenging Empires. New Delhi : Viveka. Slightly reduced version available at http://www.choike.org/nuevo_eng/informes/1557.html

Leslie Sklair, March 2005 - ‘The silent qualifiers of globalization’. Written version of a Public Lecture given at The London School of Economics and Political Science on March 1 2005

Amory Starr, 2006 - Global Revolt : A Guide to the Movements against Globalization. London : Zed Books

Joseph E Stiglitz, June 2002 - Globalization and Its Discontents, New York : W W Norton & Company

Sidney Tarrow, 2001 – ‘Transnational Politics : Contention and Institutions in International Politics’, in Annual Reviews in Political Science, Vol 4, pp 1-20

Leon Trotsky, nd October 1938 - ‘On the Founding of the Fourth International’, @ http://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/works/1938/1938-fi.htm. First published in Fourth International, October 1940, Volume 1 No 5 pages 141-142

Gearóid Ó Tuathail, 1998 – ‘Introduction : Thinking Critically about Geopolitics’, to Gearóid Ó Tuathail, Simon Dalby, and Paul Routledge, eds, 1998 – The Geopolitics Reader (London and New York : Routledge), pp 1-14

Jean van Heijenoort, nd August 1944 – ‘How the Fourth International was Conceived’. First published in the August 1944 issue of Fourth International, published in New York; reprinted in Jean van Heijenoort, 1969 - Leon Trotsky, The Man and his work, Reminiscences and Appraisals (New York : Merit). http://www.geocities.com/youth4sa/fi.html

Peter Waterman, 2001 - Globalization, Social Movements and the New Internationalisms. London and New York : Continuum

Peter Waterman, 2004 – ‘The Global Justice and Solidarity Movement and the World Social Forum : A Backgrounder’, in Sen, Anand, Escobar, and Waterman, eds, 2004 – World Social Forum : Challenging Empires (New Delhi : Viveka), pp 55-66. Available at http://www.choike.org/nuevo_eng/informes/1557.html

Peter Waterman, April 2006 – ‘The Bamako Appeal : A Post-Modern? Janus ?’. Latest draft April 15 2006 @ http://www.openspaceforum.net/twiki/tiki-read_article.php?articleId=144

Ponna Wignaraja, ed, 1993 - New Social Movements in the South, Empowering the People. London & New Jersey : Zed Books

World Social Forum Organising Committee and World Social Forum International Council, June 2001 – ‘World Social Forum Charter of Principles’; dt June 10 2001. Revised and approved version of original April 2001 Charter. Available at http://www.forumsocialmundial.org.br/main.asp?id_menu=4&cd_language=2

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